NOT a perspective of the Balanced Scorecard?

• A. Customer
• B. Financial
• C. Internal Process
• D. Ethics and Compliance

Answer: (D)

The Balanced Scorecard measures performance across four perspectives to link strategy with operations: Financial outcomes, which look at profitability and value; Customer, which considers how well the organization serves its customers; Internal Processes, which assess the efficiency and effectiveness of operations; and Learning and Growth, which focuses on the organization's people, skills, and systems to enable future performance. Ethics and Compliance, while essential for governance and risk management, is not a standard separate perspective in this framework. It can influence metrics within the other perspectives (for example, by affecting process quality or staff capabilities), but it isn’t defined as one of the four core perspectives.